Road Traffic Control System

• The challenges of maintaining and managing roads with quality.
• The growing level of user demand and their need for safety.
• The continuous growth of traffic volume between medium and large size cities.
• The need for new road investments.

Technology providers in ITS must provide more encompassing and safer solutions to the managers.
ETT (ESTEIO Tecnologia em Trânsito − ESTEIO Traffic Technology) was created with this purpose and, with the Spanish Indra, formed IESSA (Indra ESTEIO Sistemas S.A.). It is the combination of expertise in technological development and capacity to implement complex solutions.
IESSA provides specific systems, but it also is convergence in Road ITS.
In addition to promoting systemic integration, IESSA was formatted to serve traffic managers in developing countries. The ITS market in Latin America and other developing regions demands appropriate solutions to the local needs allied to the decision-making agility.
That’s why IESSA is, at the same time, developer, manufacturer and player.

In 2006, ESTEIO brought to Brazil two new sensors manufactured by Leica Geosystems: the Airborne Digital Sensor − ADS40, capable of capturing images with resolution of up to five centimeters, and the 150kHz Airborne Laser Sensor − ALS50, capable of obtaining three−dimensional coordinates in the terrain of up to 150,000 points per second.
It was the biggest isolated investment in our history.

In 2005, ESTEIO purchased another cutting-edge technology equipment: the SBP (Sub-Bottom Profiling). It is a Sub−bottom Profiling System which works as a high-resolution profiler that transmits an FM pulse disposed in line over a carrier wave.
The acoustic return received in hydrophones generates high−resolution images of the sub−bottom stratigraphy in oceans, lakes and rivers, being able to operate in depths of up to 300 meters.

For this year of 2004, ESTEIO has already invested in the updating of its Digital Stations, purchasing 10 Leica Photogrammetric Stations that will increment the set of already existing stations. With this investment, ESTEIO increases its productive capacity fourfold in Photogrammetric Capture, increases its production of Digital Orthophotos and Image Treatment threefold, in addition to incrementing the Digital Aerial Triangulation Services.

To meet the services hired with extreme professionalism, as well as future service expectations, ESTEIO decided to increase its fleet purchasing another aircraft. It is the PT-RAY prefix double engine plane.

This year ESTEIO purchased 10 more units of the PCM (Pipeline Current Mapper) equipment for location and detection of potential damaged coating and breakage of buried pipelines.
GPR has become an important tool in locating pipelines and buried wires. To prevent existing buried interferences is a prerequisite for all implementation of new enterprises. GPR provides data for the assessment of new lines and identification of buried obstacles. Planning before the drilling reduces costs and prevents unforeseen problems in work implementation.
To serve its clients with this line of services, ESTEIO purchased, in 2003, a new SIR-3000 line GeoRadar equipment. This equipment enables various underground surveys, whether of buried elements or for ground stratigraphy.

Diversifying its services in the fields of Oil and Gas, ESTEIO purchased specialized equipment named PCM (Pipeline Current Mapper) for the task of detecting buried pipelines. The detection comprises its horizontal and vertical location regarding the ground level.
Another procedure related to this type of equipment is the definition of locations in the pipeline where the coating is damaged. This particularity enables the finding of potential focuses of pipeline deterioration and breakage, being a preventive maintenance activity and replacing more invasive and expensive methods such as drilling.

This year, ESTEIO has incorporated the ALTM (Airborne Laser Terrain Mapper) into its set of cutting−edge equipment. This device acquires ground elevation data through LASER scanning, with accuracy equivalent to that of the GPS, but with much more speed and higher density.
The airborne laser mapping system (ALTM − Airborne Laser Terrain Mapper) from Optech Inc. is an equipment designed to capture space coordinates (X,Y,Z) from points in the ground surface.
It consists of a sensor with enclosed LASER with spectrum close to the infrared, inertial reference system, optical and electronic parts of the receiver and a control rack that comprises the computer components, controlled by a touch screen.
When in operation, a high-precision LASER is directed to the ground through a hole in the aircraft floor. The LASER scans the terrain surface below the aircraft and records the distance to the ground for each of the emitted rays.
From this point on, the space coordinate of each point measured is obtained through post-processing.
Its main usages are:

• Telecommunications − in the signal propagation study;
• Forest − determination of vegetation height and virtual removal of vegetal coverage;
• Urban 3D;
• Volume calculations;
• Creation of DTM (Digital Terrain Model);
• Flood Control;
• Erosion Monitoring;
• Towers location;
• Catenary modeling;
• Critical distance analysis from vegetation to LT.

This year, ESTEIO purchased the GPR equipment, considered the most sophisticated equipment for scanning and low−depth surveys. Below there is a summary of the GPR technology.
The GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar), also known as GEORADAR, is a geophysical survey method which basically consists of the continuous emission of electromagnetic waves into the ground. Part of these waves is reflected in deep structures or objects. The signals are emitted and received through an antenna placed on the ground surface.
After many years of development, the GPR is currently considered the most sophisticated equipment for low−depth scanning and surveys. It is widely applied in the following fields:

• Geology
• Geotechnics and Engineering
• Environment (Determination of contaminant fluids)
• Roads and Bridges Surveys
• Archeology
• Pipeline identification

Its main advantages are:

• Possibility to perform continuous ground profiles
• Speed and low cost in surveys, if compared to scanning or drilling, which are usually punctual studies.
• Quick, high-resolution results

It is a non-destructive method, that is, in locations where there is vegetation, there is no need to cut down trees, and in cities it prevents the inconvenience of works, trenches, etc.

Over a few years, ESTEIO has been gaining experience in the field of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) due to its actuation in geospatial data processing services.
From the purchase of MapInfo and dbMapa software in 1994 until the year of 1999 with the purchase of ArcView (ESRI) and Autocad Map (Autodesk) software, ESTEIO always sought to maintain the diversity in GIS software knowledge and usage.
This year, ESTEIO purchased the image compression system MrSID (Lizardtech) to provide raster products delivery in a compact and reliable manner.
It has also updated its software licenses for ERMapper (ERMapper) to obtain a better performance in mosaic and image digital treatment in Remote Sensing.

Throughout 1998, ESTEIO made a significant investment in the field of Digital Photogrammetry.
In this period, it purchased three DPW 770 NT Digital Photogrammetric Stations from LH Systems to increase its productivity in Photogrammetric Capture.
In addition, it purchased a new InterMap Analytic ABC-PC analytical equipment to be used in the model reading activities for Aerial Triangulation and Photogrammetric Capture.
These pieces of equipment joined the already existing equipment in the company and doubled the productive capacity in Photogrammetric Capture and Aerial Triangulation.

In 1997, following a philosophy of methods and equipment updating, ESTEIO purchased a ZEISS RMK−TOP 15 aerial analogical camera system, the most advanced system available at the market.
This set is fully computerized and enables the automation of the aerial photograph shooting process.
With this equipment, ESTEIO experienced a significant technological advance in the aerial coverage techniques and, consequently, in the other steps of the map generation process.
In addition, operational costs were reduced and, consequently, final mapping costs were also decreased.

In 1996, ESTEIO purchased the ODON digital echobathymeter and HYPACK hydrographic survey software for Windows, starting to provide Bathymetry services with GPS.
The GPS methodology adopted for Bathymetric Surveys is the collection of real−time coordinates, corrected by special radios, ranked as DGPS (Differential Global Positioning System).
Simultaneously to the collection of coordinates (X,Y) the collection of (Z) coordinates is performed through digital echobathymeter reading.

In 1994, ESTEIO purchased a digital orthophoto and image treatment system, which includes a LEICA DSW 100 scanning station and a LEICA DPW 770 image treatment station, in addition to the ERMapper 5.0 system for digital image treatment.
This setting was chosen based on various experiences with suppliers from Germany, Switzerland, Canada and the United States.

Keeping up with the technological evolution, in 1993, GPS and aerial photogrammetric coverage met.
Through the purchase of GPS equipment for navigation and the preparation of the aerial camera and geodetic GPS receiver set, it was possible to obtain space coordinates of the perspective centers of aerial photographs in the exact moment of the shot.
These coordinates are used in aerial triangulation with major reduction in the amount of ground support points. These coordinates are used in aerial triangulation with major reduction in the amount of ground support points.

In 1991, ESTEIO started the development of a CAD system (TEMap − SEI n° 21.364−0) with the purpose of meeting the internal needs of numeric photogrammetric capture, digitalization, digital cartography edition.
Still in 1991, ESTEIO purchased the DCA software (currently named ADVANCED DESIGN) which operates in AUTOCAD environment, introducing graphic computing also into the road engineering field.
From July/92 to September/93, it developed to FERRONORTE the basic engineering design in digital media, using this system.

In 1990, with constant concern with the technological evolution, ESTEIO was, once again, a pioneer amongst the aerial survey Brazilian companies when it became equipped to perform geodetic operations with satellite tracers of the GPS NAVSTAR system, having achieved excellent results in services already provided both in terms of accuracy and productivity.

Keeping up with the advances in the field of Remote Sensing, ESTEIO purchased in 1988 the SITIM / IGS image treatment system from Engespaço and started to use the geospatial data processing technology and digital treatment of images, aiming at the use of orbital images (from LANDSAT, SPOT or SOJUS satellites).
With this system, it carried out several geospatial data processing and satellite image treatment works, such as, for instance, the provision of technical engineering and thematic mapping services for a planning study of the gas pipeline Bolivia/Brazil for PETROBRAS.

In 1985, with the purchase of a ZEISS Planicomp C−120 analytical station with HP 1000 minicomputer and retrieval PLANIMAP system and the automation of analogical equipment to make use of this system, it has become the first Brazilian company to be qualified to provide Digital Cartography Services. After that, the software was replaced by the TEMap graphic system developed by ESTEIO.

The automation of the photogrammetric processes was again incremented in 1986 with the purchase of a ZEISS Orthocomp Z−2 analytical orthoprojector with another HP 1000 unit.

In 1980, with the purchase of the Gigas−Zeiss GZ−1 instrument, it also started to provide mapping services through orthophotomaps.
Thus, ESTEIO was one of the first Brazilian companies to be qualified in providing orthophotographic products. Since then, it has already executed thousands of square kilometers of mapping through orthophotograph.

Also acting in the area of field surveys, in 1977 ESTEIO made a revolution in the rural cadastre survey methods, introducing the pre−signalization for photogrammetric measurement of plots in a real estate called Pepery, in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, service hired with INCRA − Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária (Colonization and Land Reform National Institute).

The growing need for the use of aerial-photogrammetric surveys as the foundation of project elaboration has taken ESTEIO to become equipped and gather a technical team to perform aerial survey services.
Thus, in 1976, it was registered as category “A” company in EMFA − Estado Maior das Forças Armadas do Brasil (Armed Forces General Staff), beginning to perform aerial-photogrammetric coverage and conventional mapping.